This chapter conveys subject matter related to the basic concept of literature, to provide a clear-cut understanding of the focus of present study. The aspects conveyed are assessment in language teaching, assessing speaking, scoring scale, holistic rating scale, analytic rating scale.
2.1. Assessment in language teaching
Before explaining the definition of assessment in language teaching, misconception often occurs between the difference of assessment and test. Brown (2004) differentiates that test is the method or instrument held by certain domain to measure people’peoples’ ability, knowledge or performance. On theIn other words, the test is an administrative procedure by which the implementation has been prepared by the test maker. Assessment, on the other hand, it isis an ongoing process that covers larger domaindomains such as responding questionto questions from the teacher. It can be considered assessment, because the teacher afterward makes an assessment related to the respondresponse. Frank (2012) defines assessment as the way ofa teacher identifies the learners’ need, documentdocuments their development, and determines how the teacher dodoes, as a teacher and planner. Therefore, assessment in language teaching is the process of measuring students’ progress, that provides feedback to improve students’ performance.