Cancer is one of the most usual causes of death, every year worldwide. ChemotherapeuticEven the drugs that help- chemotherapeutic drugs, which can cause side effects like include nausea, vomiting, immune suppression, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, memory loss, anaemia and even death. Many chemotherapeutic drugs have long term side effect ineffects that can damage the heart, lungs, and kidneys. The selective delivery of anticancer drugs toward cancer cells is a challenging issue. Currently, nanotechnology has been extensively studied for their potential applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment for effective cancer therapy over the years. Among the many nanotechnology approaches, the polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) have gained significant attention as a nanomedicinenano-medicine platform in the drug delivery field. Polymeric NPs have been utilized as a novel carriers for the targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs,drugs- proteins and genes in the cancer therapy. OwingThis is due to small particle size, structural stability, and tumor passive localization by enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect for passive targeting. Moreover, polymeric NPs can also be modified with ligands or antibodies for active targeting to increase the selectivity for tumor cells and enhanceenhance the intracellular drug delivery. PEGylation of polymeric NPs can avoid recognition and uptake by reticuloendothelial system, and increase the circulation time in the blood.